No. 11 ROF: Production

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ROF, Production Line, 1941

In a process that Superintendent Galbraith referred to as ‘de-engineering’, work on the breech ring for the two-pounder gun was divided into 70 stages, each comprehensible to novice workers with minimal training.

“As we go round the Superintendent tells me that this Factory has evolved a system whereby semi-trained girls, who learn their work on the actual job, can do the work formerly done by skilled men.

In one case girls are doing the highly skilled process of boring the gun to receive the shell at the breech end, technically called chambering, in five hours. It used to take a skilled man 10 hours.

The girls are enabled to do this by the "breaking down" of the job. They are taught one operation, whereas a skilled man would be doing a job involving several operations."
- Marquess of Donegal, 
Almost in Confidence,
Sunday Dispatch, 11th May 1941

ROF, breech ring fitting, 1941/42

"If anyone ever wants an object-lesson on how to tackle a job and get on with that job despite what might appear to be insurmountable obstructions - shortage of building materials, of machinery, the priority claims of the Services on the one hand and the air raids on the other - I advise him to study the development of the Royal Ordnance Factories.

It used to be a great source of inspiration to me during the war to visit the Ordnance Factories and see the energy and enthusiasm the men and women brought to bear upon their tasks. They came from all walks of life, but they were united by a common knowledge and a common determination. They knew that we needed munitions, more munitions and ever more munitions. They were determined that we should get them - and we did."
- Field-Marshal Viscount Montgomery
December 1946

Field Marshal Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, KG, GCB, DSO, Receiving the Honorary Freedom of the County Borough of Newport, 1945.
Oil on canvas, Ivor Williams.

"Men and women who manufacture the 2-pounder and 6-pounder guns are given the opportunity by the Army of firing their weapons. Badly informed journalists have given the impression that the 2-pounder is out of date, but it is not out of date and is in fact an 'unrivalled weapon'. The Red Army is asking for more of them."
- British Paramount News, 1942

ROF workers testing a 2-pounder gun on site, 1941

"Work of this kind had never been previously undertaken by women, and, as a matter of fact, most people, even including the Staff, were very sceptical as to the possibility of women ever being trained to carry out such work.

However, as there was nothing else for it, they were put right on the job, and after a preliminary training in filing and fitting they were transferred to the actual fitting and scraping of the breech rings, breech blocks and all the breech mechanisms.

It may be said that both the two-pounder and Bofors guns in this Factory are manufactured entirely by girl labour under the supervision of skilled men."

- ROF Newport Superintendent A.M. Galbraith, 1942

ROF, Dispatching Bofors Guns, 1942